physical oceanography

Physical oceanography is a branch of oceanography that focuses on the physical and chemical properties of ocean water, as well as the topography and composition of the ocean floor. It is one of the four traditional branches of oceanography, alongside chemical oceanography, marine geology, and marine ecology.12

Key areas within physical oceanography include studying seawater properties like temperature, density, and pressure, as well as ocean movements such as waves, currents, and tides. It also examines the interactions between ocean waters and the atmosphere. Understanding these physical aspects is crucial for predicting weather and climate changes and for managing Earth's resources.23