photosynthesis: References & Edit History
More Articles On This Topic
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- atmosphereCarbon budget
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- growthLight
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- bacteriaPhototrophic metabolism
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Additional Reading
Photosynthesis is discussed in David W. Lawlor, Photosynthesis, 3rd ed. (2001); Hans Lambers, F. Stuart Chapin III, and Thijs L. Pons (eds.), Plant Physiological Ecology, 2nd ed. (2008); and Lincoln Taiz and Eduardo Zeiger (eds.), Plant Physiology, 6th ed. (2014). Technical treatments that consider the biochemistry of photosynthesis include Robert E. Blankenship, Molecular Mechanisms of Photosynthesis, 2nd ed. (2008); David L. Nelson and Michael M. Cox (eds.), Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 5th ed. (2009); and Philip Stewart and Sabine Globig (eds.), Photosynthesis: Genetic, Environmental and Evolutionary Aspects (2011). Photosynthesis in algae and other aquatic plants is considered in Paul G. Falkowski and John A. Raven, Aquatic Photosynthesis, 2nd ed. (2007); and John T.O. Kirk, Light and Photosynthesis in Aquatic Ecosystems, 3rd ed. (2011).
Article Contributors
Primary Contributors
- James Alan Bassham
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Hans Lambers
Head of the School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia.
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The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors.
Other Encyclopedia Britannica Contributors
Article History
| Type | Description | Contributor | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modified link of Web site: National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - Chloroplasts and Other Plastids. | Sep 18, 2026 | ||
| Add new Web site: The Royal Society Publishing - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B - Photosynthesis solutions to enhance productivity. | Sep 18, 2026 | ||
| Add new Web site: National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - The Structure, Functions and Potential Medicinal Effects of Chlorophylls Derived from Microalgae. | May 23, 2026 | ||
| Add new Web site: Michigan State University - College of Agriculture and Natural Resources - The important role of photosynthesis. | Mar 21, 2026 | ||
| Add new Web site: Monash University - Student Academic Success - Photosynthesis. | Jan 16, 2026 | ||
| Add new Web site: Arizona State University - Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis - What is photosynthesis? | Nov 30, 2025 | ||
| Moved the section on genetics to the chloroplast section. | Oct 27, 2025 | ||
| Added a module for the article's various sections. | Oct 27, 2025 | ||
| Corrected display issue. | Oct 06, 2025 | ||
| Article revised and updated. | Oct 03, 2025 | ||
| Add new Web site: Royal Society of Biology - Photosynthesis (PDF). | May 16, 2025 | ||
| Questions and answers added. | Feb 10, 2025 | ||
| Add new Web site: Understanding Global Change - Photosynthesis. | Dec 16, 2024 | ||
| Add new Web site: CORE - Photosynthesis in vine leaves as a function of light intensity, temperature, and leaf age. | Sep 20, 2024 | ||
| Modernized spelling throughout. | Jul 10, 2024 | ||
| Add new Web site: Roger Williams University Open Publishing - Introduction to Molecular and Cell Biology - Photosynthesis. | Jun 16, 2024 | ||
| Add new Web site: University of Florida - Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences - Photosynthesis. | May 06, 2024 | ||
| Media added. | Feb 28, 2024 | ||
| Add new Web site: Milne Library - Inanimate Life - Photosynthesis. | Jan 21, 2024 | ||
| Add new Web site: OpenStax - Concepts of Biology - Overview of Photosynthesis. | Dec 02, 2023 | ||
| Add new Web site: Nature - Photosynthetic Cells. | May 15, 2023 | ||
| Add new Web site: Khan Academy - Photosynthesis. | Dec 04, 2022 | ||
| Add new Web site: Biology LibreTexts - Photosynthesis. | Aug 13, 2022 | ||
| Add new Web site: Live Science - What is photosynthesis? | Apr 03, 2022 | ||
| Corrected display issue. | Feb 25, 2022 | ||
| Media added. | Jun 11, 2021 | ||
| Corrected display issue. | Feb 12, 2021 | ||
| Revised the percent of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and added cross-references. | Mar 17, 2020 | ||
| Media added. | Mar 17, 2020 | ||
| Media added. | Apr 30, 2019 | ||
| Add new Web site: Thunderbolt Kids - Photosynthesis. | Feb 06, 2019 | ||
| Add new Web site: Cool Kid Facts - Photosynthesis For Kids. | Dec 20, 2018 | ||
| Revised information on fossil fuels and on the Green Revolution. | Jan 26, 2017 | ||
| Bibliography updated. | Jan 26, 2017 | ||
| Add new Web site: CoolKidFacts.com - Photosynthesis For Kids. | Dec 26, 2016 | ||
| Add new Web site: National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - Chloroplasts and Other Plastids. | Aug 19, 2016 | ||
| Add new Web site: Royal Society of Chemistry - Photosynthesis. | Aug 19, 2016 | ||
| Add new Web site: Quatr.us Study Guides - Photosynthesis. | Aug 09, 2016 | ||
| Add new Web site: Easy Science for kids - Photosynthesis: How Plants Make Food and Energy? | Aug 09, 2016 | ||
| Two videos added that address the development of green chlorophyll and the advantages provided by the loose arrangement of chlorophyll molecules within the leaves of green plants. | Dec 02, 2015 | ||
| Changed "phosphoglycollate" to "phosphoglycolate." | Mar 18, 2015 | ||
| Add new Web site: British Broadcasting Corporation - Gardening Guides - Did you know? Photosynthesis. | Apr 28, 2014 | ||
| Add new Web site: Buzzle.com - Photosynthesis. | Jan 02, 2014 | ||
| Diagram explaining chemiosmosis in chloroplasts added. | Oct 25, 2012 | ||
| Text added describing the conversion of light energy into food in the emerald green sea slug (Elysia chlorotica) and the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum). | Aug 29, 2012 | ||
| Table depicting the differences between the major carbon-fixation pathways added. | Aug 22, 2012 | ||
| New bibliography added. | Aug 22, 2012 | ||
| Article thoroughly revised; new section of text on Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) added. | Aug 22, 2012 | ||
| Add new Web site: NeoK12 - Educational Videos and Games for School Kids - Photosynthesis. | Nov 03, 2011 | ||
| Added new Web site: British Broadcasting Corporation - Photosynthesis and Respiration. | Jul 18, 2008 | ||
| Added new Web site: Think Quest - Photosynthesis. | Jul 17, 2008 | ||
| Added new Web site: Biology at Clermont College University of Cincinnati - Photosynthesis. | Jul 17, 2008 | ||
| Added new Web site: Water on the Web - Cell Respiration and Photosynthesis. | Aug 10, 2007 | ||
| Added new Web site: M.J. Farabee - Photosynthesis. | Jul 11, 2007 | ||
| Added new Web site: Public Broadcasting Service - Photosynthesis. | Jun 19, 2007 | ||
| Added new Web site: Public Broadcasting Service - Photosynthesis. | Jun 19, 2007 | ||
| Added new Web site: The Photosynthetic process. | Jun 09, 2006 | ||
| Article revised and updated. | Jun 09, 2006 | ||
| Added new Web site: Arizona State University Center for the Study of Early Events in Photosynthesis. | Jun 01, 2006 | ||
| Article revised. | Mar 28, 2003 | ||
| Article revised. | May 31, 2002 | ||
| Article revised. | Jun 21, 2000 | ||
| Article added to new online database. | Jul 20, 1998 |
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