photoprotection

Photoprotection is a biochemical process that prevents damage from excessive light exposure. Molecules absorb energy from light, which can excite their electrons to higher energy states. This excitation can lead to chemical reactions that may harm the molecule or cell.

Photoprotective mechanisms involve safely dissipating this excess energy, often as heat, through processes like internal conversion. For example, carotenoids in photosynthetic organisms and animal eyes efficiently convert absorbed light energy into heat, preventing damage. In DNA, rapid internal conversion of excited bases protects against harmful UV-induced mutations. The skin's production of melanin also acts as a photoprotective measure by absorbing UV radiation.12345