pericardial effusion

Pericardial effusion refers to the accumulation of excess fluid in the pericardial sac, the membrane surrounding the heart. This condition can arise from various causes, including infections, allergic reactions, metabolic disturbances, or cancer.12

When fluid builds up rapidly or in large quantities, it can compress the heart, a state known as cardiac tamponade. This compression interferes with the heart's ability to fill with blood, reducing cardiac output and potentially leading to shock.12

Symptoms of pericardial disease can include chest pain, difficulty breathing, weakness, and fever. Diagnosis often involves imaging techniques like echocardiograms and electrocardiograms. Treatment may involve draining the excess fluid, addressing underlying infections, or surgical removal of thickened pericardium in cases of chronic constrictive pericarditis.123