peatification

Peat is a spongy material formed from the partial decomposition of plant matter in wet environments like swamps and bogs. This process, known as peatification, occurs under anaerobic (low-oxygen) conditions, which prevent complete decomposition.12

Several factors influence peat formation, including climate, the type of plant material, nutrient availability, oxygen levels, acidity, and temperature. Peatlands are significant carbon sinks and play a crucial role in mitigating global warming. They also help regulate floods and filter water.1

Peat is the initial stage in the formation of coal. Over time, with increased burial depth and temperature, peat transforms into lignite and eventually into higher ranks of coal. Peat itself can be used as a fuel, in horticulture to improve soil, and in water filtration.12