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A patient is an individual receiving or awaiting medical care and treatment. This care can range from outpatient services to extended stays in facilities like hospitals. Modern healthcare systems offer various levels of care, including intensive care, intermediate care, self-care, long-term care, and organized home care.123

Patients have fundamental rights, including the right to informed consent, which means they must receive clear information about proposed treatments, their risks, benefits, and alternatives before agreeing to them. These rights ensure patients can participate in decisions about their healthcare and promote self-determination.4

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