paleobiogeography

Paleobiogeography is the scientific study of the geographical distribution of plants and animals from past geological epochs. It is a sub-discipline of paleogeography, which reconstructs the ancient geography of Earth's surface. Paleogeography uses evidence from the rock and fossil record to map past continental positions, ocean basins, mountain ranges, and shorelines.12

Paleobiogeography specifically examines how the distribution of ancient life-forms can reveal information about past climates, environments, and continental positions. For instance, the presence of cold-water versus warm-water faunas can indicate latitude, and the diversity of plants and animals can suggest ancient temperature and rainfall patterns. The evolutionary history and similarity of species across different landmasses also help determine when continents were connected or isolated. This field is crucial for understanding Earth's history and the evolution of life.23