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Opiates and opioids are classes of drugs that act on the brain's receptors to relieve pain and produce feelings of pleasure. Opiates are derived directly from the opium poppy, including drugs like morphine, codeine, and opium itself. Opioids, a broader category, include opiates as well as semi-synthetic and fully synthetic drugs like oxycodone and fentanyl.123

These drugs are powerful analgesics but carry a high risk of addiction. Synthetic opioids are often more potent and have been central to the U.S. opioid crisis, leading to a significant number of overdose deaths. Overdose can cause respiratory failure and death, though the drug naloxone can reverse these effects.24156

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