ocean current: References & Edit History

Additional Reading

Useful books include Angela Colling (ed.), Ocean Circulation, 2nd ed. (2001, reprinted 2007); George Lawson Pickard and William J. Emery, Descriptive Physical Oceanography: An Introduction, 5th enlarged ed. (1990, reprinted 2007); Joseph Pedlosky, Ocean Circulation Theory, 2nd ed. (1998); Benoit Cushman-Roisin, Introduction to Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, 2nd ed. (2009); and Henry M. Stommel and Dennis W. Moore, An Introduction to the Coriolis Force (1989).

Article Contributors

Primary Contributors

  • Claudia Cenedese
    Senior Scientist, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, Woods Hole, Massachusetts.
  • Arnold L. Gordon
  • The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
    Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors.

Other Encyclopedia Britannica Contributors

Article History

Type Description Contributor Date
Modified link of Web site: Geosciences LibreTexts - Ocean Currents. Oct 27, 2026
Media added. Jul 28, 2026
Add new Web site: The Royal Society Publishing - Proceedings B - Ocean currents help explain population genetic structure. Oct 14, 2025
Add new Web site: American Institute of Physics - Ocean Currents and Climate (PDF). May 06, 2025
Added cross-reference. Mar 14, 2025
Add new Web site: PBS - How Ocean Currents Work (and How We Are Breaking Them). Feb 28, 2025
Add new Web site: Academia - Ocean Currents. Jan 02, 2025
Add new Web site: University of Washington - Department of Earth and Space Sciences - Ocean circulation and climate during the past 120,000 years. Nov 06, 2024
Add new Web site: Cell Press - Current Biology - Ocean currents and marine life. Aug 27, 2024
Add new Web site: University of Minnesota Libraries - Classroom Partners - Ocean Currents. Jul 19, 2024
Add new Web site: Thompson Rivers University Pressbooks - Environmental Geology - Ocean Currents and Climate Change. Jun 05, 2024
Noted that the northward-moving portion of thermohaline circulation is called the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Feb 14, 2024
Add new Web site: Understanding Global Change - Ocean circulation. Dec 14, 2023
Add new Web site: University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa - Ocean Surface Currents - Ocean Surface Currents. Nov 03, 2023
Add new Web site: Salt Lake Community College Pressbooks - Ocean Currents. Jul 27, 2023
Add new Web site: Geosciences LibreTexts - Ocean Currents. Jun 14, 2023
Add new Web site: Geosciences LibreTexts - Ocean Currents. Jan 26, 2023
Article revised and updated. Jul 21, 2021
Add new Web site: Florida Center for Environmental Studies - Climate Science Investigations - Ocean Current. May 03, 2018
Add new Web site: Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies - Satellite Applications for Geoscience Education - Ocean Current. May 03, 2018
Add new Web site: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - Ocean currents. May 03, 2018
Article thoroughly revised to include the following sections: Causes of ocean currents and Two types of ocean circulation. Sep 27, 2011
Map depicting all of the world's major ocean currents added. Sep 27, 2011
New bibliography added. Sep 16, 2011
Added assembly. Jul 02, 2009
Media added. Feb 12, 2009
Added new Web site: How Stuff Works - Science - How Ocean Currents Work. Dec 26, 2008
Added new Web site: Office of Naval Research - Ocean in Motion: Currents - Characteristics. May 18, 2008
Article revised and updated. Apr 24, 2008
Article added to new online database. Jul 20, 1998
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