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nucleon
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Figure 14: Nuclear shells. The spectroscopic designation includes the quantum number j, which is a half integer. The degeneracy of the shells and the cumulative number of particles contained are listed on the right. Especially stable nuclei are found at the magic numbers, shown in circles.
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nucleon

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nucleon, either of the subatomic particles, the proton and the neutron, constituting atomic nuclei. Protons (positively charged) and neutrons (uncharged) behave identically under the influence of the short-range nuclear force, both in the way they are bound in nuclei and in the way they are scattered by each other. This strong interaction is independent of electric charge. Unstable subatomic particles heavier than nucleons (hyperons and baryon resonances) have a nucleon among their final decay products; the nucleon is thus the baryon ground state. The antinucleons include the antiproton and the antineutron.