noncyanotic congenital heart disease

Noncyanotic congenital heart disease refers to heart abnormalities present at birth that do not cause a bluish discoloration of the skin. These conditions arise from abnormal development of the heart and circulatory system before birth, potentially due to genetic factors, infections, or drug use during pregnancy.1

Common types include:
* Septal defects: Holes in the walls separating the heart's chambers, such as an atrial septal defect (ASD) or ventricular septal defect (VSD). These allow oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to mix, increasing blood flow to the lungs and potentially leading to heart failure.123
* Valvular defects: Issues with the heart valves, causing obstruction or leakage.1
* Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA): The failure of a fetal blood vessel connecting the pulmonary artery and aorta to close after birth, leading to mixed blood flow.145

While some defects can be surgically repaired, severe cases can compromise oxygen supply to the body.1