neutron diffraction

physics

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July 1, 2026

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Neutron diffraction is a technique in physics that utilizes the wave behaviour of neutrons to study the structure of matter. Slow neutrons, with wavelengths comparable to atomic spacing, exhibit wavelike properties when interacting with solids. When a neutron beam strikes a crystal, neutrons scatter and interfere, creating diffraction patterns. Analyzing these patterns allows scientists to deduce the crystal structure and magnetic properties of materials. This method, developed by Clifford G. Shull and Bertram N. Brockhouse, earned them the Nobel Prize in Physics. Unlike X-rays, which scatter from electrons, neutrons scatter from atomic nuclei, making them particularly useful for locating light atoms like hydrogen in hydrogen-bonded solids.12

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liquid
Molecular structure of liquids
…g: first, by X-ray or neutron diffraction from simple fluids and, second, by computer simulation of the molecular structure and motions in a liquid. In the first, the liquid is exposed to a specific, single wavelength (monochromatic) radiation, and the observed results are then subjected to a mathematical treatment known…
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…g: first, by X-ray or neutron diffraction from simple fluids and, second, by computer simulation of the molecular structure and motions in a liquid. In the first, the liquid is exposed to a specific, single wavelength (monochromatic) radiation, and the observed results are then subjected to a mathematical treatment known…
Read More

Clifford G. Shull
neutron diffraction, a process that enabled scientists to better explore the atomic structure of matter. He shared the prize with Canadian physicist Bertram N. Brockhouse, who conducted separate but concurrent work in the field.
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neutron diffraction, a process that enabled scientists to better explore the atomic structure of matter. He shared the prize with Canadian physicist Bertram N. Brockhouse, who conducted separate but concurrent work in the field.
Read More