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Natural philosophy, also known as nature philosophy, is essentially synonymous with natural science, particularly physical science. Historically, it encompassed the study of the natural world using rational inquiry and observation, without resorting to mythical explanations.12

Figures like Aristotle, RenƩ Descartes, and Isaac Newton were prominent natural philosophers who made significant contributions to what we now consider scientific disciplines. Their work laid the groundwork for modern scientific methods and theories, exploring topics from biology and physics to mathematics and astronomy. The term "natural philosopher" was commonly used before the 19th century, when the term "science" began to take on its modern meaning.34

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