multiple-vortex tornado

A multiple-vortex tornado is a violent tornado that contains two or more smaller vortices rotating around a central core. These secondary vortices, also known as suction vortices, can cause the most extreme damage within a tornado's path. They are distinguished from a tornado with a single vortex by their height, with multiple vortices extending up to the cloud base, while suction vortices are much shorter.12

Tornadoes form in strong thunderstorms, which require specific atmospheric conditions like moist, unstable air near the surface and cooler, drier air aloft. Rotation within the storm, called a mesocyclone, concentrates this energy into a swirling column of air that can develop into a tornado. Tornado intensity is measured using the Enhanced Fujita (EF) Scale, based on the damage caused. Violent tornadoes (EF4 and EF5) are rare but account for most tornado-related deaths.31