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Miliary tuberculosis is a severe, disseminated form of tuberculosis that can occur at the onset of the disease. It is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This form of tuberculosis is characterized by the appearance of numerous small, diffuse shadows on a chest radiograph, indicating widespread infection throughout the lungs.12

The exact sequence of events leading to miliary tuberculosis is not fully understood, but it requires prompt treatment to prevent the spread of infection to other organs, including the brain. Tuberculosis, in general, spreads through the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or speaks, releasing bacteria that can be inhaled by others. While antibiotics have significantly reduced mortality rates, tuberculosis remains a serious global health concern, particularly in areas with inadequate medical care and in individuals with compromised immune systems.12

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