microtrauma

Microtrauma refers to tiny injuries to tissues that, when accumulated, can lead to significant pathology. Immediately after such an injury, the affected area becomes red, warm, painful, and swells. This swelling, or edema, is a result of acute inflammation, a natural response triggered by tissue damage.1

The purpose of inflammation is to clear away damaged tissue components so the body can begin healing. This involves changes in blood flow, with vessels dilating to increase blood flow and permeability, allowing fluids and white blood cells to reach the site of injury. White blood cells, particularly phagocytes, then clean up cellular debris. While acute inflammation typically resolves within a few days, persistent inflammation can lead to chronic issues with prolonged tissue damage and slow healing. The term "trauma" itself originates from the Greek word for "wound," and can refer to both physical and emotional injuries, with severe emotional trauma potentially leading to conditions like PTSD.12