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Megalo-ureter is a urogenital malformation where the ureter, the tube carrying urine from the kidney to the bladder, becomes abnormally enlarged. This enlargement can be significant, sometimes reaching the size of the small intestine. The primary cause of megalo-ureter is typically an obstruction in the ureter, bladder, or urethra. If left untreated, this obstruction can lead to serious kidney damage. Urinary tract obstruction, in general, is a blockage that impedes urine flow, causing it to back up into the bladder or kidneys, a condition known as hydronephrosis. This backup can cause distension and thickening of the urinary tract walls, potentially destroying kidney tissue and leading to uremia. Prompt treatment is essential to prevent renal failure.12

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