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Malaria life cycle Plasmodium vivax, malaria parasite Anopheles mosquito: malaria vector Close-up view of an Anopheles mosquito showing its large, green compound eye, segmented antennae, and fine hairs on its head and body.
The video thumbnail shows a black and white image of a mosquito biting a human arm. The area it is biting is highlighted in pink.
Malaria Cinchona bark World Health Organization Two side-by-side maps of Africa, southern Europe, and southern Asia. The left map shows regions where malaria is present, shaded in green, covering much of sub-Saharan Africa, parts of the Middle East, India, and Southeast Asia. The right map displays the frequency of the sickle cell allele (HbS) with varying shades of pink and red, indicating higher frequencies in central and western Africa, and lower frequencies in surrounding regions. The maps highlight the correlation between malaria presenc
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malaria: References & Edit History

Article Contributors

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  • The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
    Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors.

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Article History

Type Description Contributor Date
Add new Web site: National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - Plasmodium Genomics and Genetics: New Insights into Malaria Pathogenesis, Drug Resistance, Epidemiology, and Evolution. Oct 09, 2026
Add new Web site: Verywell Health - What Is Malaria? Jan 23, 2026
Display issue corrected. Nov 07, 2025
Added information on the dr Coartem Baby. Jul 09, 2025
Added cross-references to Anopheles and Culex mosquitoes. Added information about malaria deaths since 2019. Modernized language throughout. Dec 09, 2024
Media added. Aug 16, 2024
Add new Web site: Nature - Scientific Reports - Malaria. Jun 20, 2024
Add new Web site: Cleveland Clinic - Malaria. May 26, 2023
Add new Web site: Mayo Clinic - Malaria. Apr 07, 2023
Add new Web site: University of Rochester Medical Center - Health Encyclopedia - Malaria. Dec 05, 2022
Add new Web site: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - Malaria. Sep 06, 2022
Add new Web site: LiveScience - Malaria: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment. Mar 14, 2022
Removed media. Dec 17, 2021
Added mention that in 2021 China was certified as malaria-free by the World Health Organization. Jun 30, 2021
Updated information on trends in estimated malaria cases and deaths worldwide. Oct 02, 2020
Added an image of cinchona tree bark. Feb 27, 2020
Article restructured and information on artemisinin resistance added. Jul 24, 2019
Add new Web site: World Health Organization - 10 facts on malaria. Jun 17, 2018
Media added. Jul 21, 2017
Add new Web site: Healthline - Malaria. Dec 09, 2016
Updated information on malaria vaccines. Jul 24, 2015
Add new Web site: Better Health Channel - Malaria. Apr 04, 2014
Add new Web site: MedlinePlus - Malaria. Apr 04, 2014
Added information about a vaccine for malaria made from attenuated Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites. Sep 18, 2013
Add new Web site: USA Today - Health Encyclopedia - Malaria. Dec 27, 2012
Add new Web site: The Nemours Foundation - for Parents - Malaria. Dec 27, 2012
Add new Web site: WebMD - Malaria: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment. Dec 27, 2012
Add new Web site: MedicineNet.com - Malaria. Dec 27, 2012
Add new Web site: Patient - Malaria. Dec 27, 2012
Add new Web site: Mayo Clinic - Malaria. Dec 27, 2012
Add new Web site: Pan American Health Organisation - Malaria. Dec 27, 2012
Add new Web site: NHS - Malaria. Dec 27, 2012
Add new Web site: None. Dec 27, 2012
Add new Web site: MedicineNet - Malaria. Dec 27, 2012
Add new Web site: Emedicine - Malaria. Dec 27, 2012
Add new Web site: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory - How and Why Do Scientists Use an X-Ray Microscope. Oct 19, 2012
Added information on a study published in early 2012 that suggested that deaths from malaria were much higher than previous estimates by the World Health Organization. Feb 03, 2012
Added mention of the number of malaria cases and deaths reported in 2010. Dec 14, 2011
Added information on the decline of malaria cases and deaths between 2000 and 2009 and on the possibility for malaria elimination from one-third of affected countries within a decade. Oct 18, 2011
Add new Web site: National Center for Biotechnology Information - Malaria. Oct 14, 2011
Add new Web site: Emedicine - Malaria. Oct 14, 2011
Add new Web site: Merck Manuals - Consumer Version - Malaria. Oct 14, 2011
Updated to include information on long-lasting insecticide-treated bed nets and on resistance of Anopheles mosquitoes to insecticides used in insecticide-treated bed nets. Aug 18, 2011
Add new Web site: New Georgia Encyclopedia - Science and Medicine - Malaria. Jun 10, 2011
Added images of Anopheles minimus and schizonts of Plasmodium vivax. May 25, 2011
Updated to mention the discovery of malaria parasites in the mummified remains of Tutankhamen's blood. Feb 18, 2010
Added information on the evolution of malaria parasites in primates. Feb 03, 2010
Added information on Plasmodium knowlesi as a cause of malaria in humans. Sep 09, 2009
Added new Web site: National Geographic - Science and Space - Malaria. Apr 16, 2009
Article revised and updated. Sep 24, 2008
Added new Web site: How Stuff Works - Healthguide - Malaria. Sep 02, 2008
Article revised and updated. Aug 26, 2008
Added new Web site: United Nations Publications - Malaria. Apr 25, 2007
Added new Web site: Geotimes - Malaria Mapping and Prevention. Apr 25, 2007
Added new Web site: MicrobiologyBytes - Malaria. Apr 25, 2007
Added new Web site: Experiment Files - Malaria.
  • Gaurav Shukla
 Nov 14, 2006
Added new Web site: Buzzle.com - Malaria. Nov 07, 2006
Article revised and updated. May 18, 2006
Article revised. Jan 11, 1999
Article added to new online database. Jul 20, 1998
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