magnetoresistance

Magnetoresistance is a phenomenon where a material's electrical resistance changes in the presence of an applied magnetic field. This effect was first observed by Lord Kelvin in 1857.12

There are different types of magnetoresistance, including:
* Colossal Magnetoresistance (CMR): An extreme change in electrical resistance due to a magnetic field. Materials with high CMR can detect smaller magnetic fields, enabling increased data storage capacity in devices like hard drives.3
* Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR): Discovered by Albert Fert and Peter Gründberg, this phenomenon involves alternating layers of magnetic and nonmagnetic materials to drastically increase resistance. GMR is a standard in manufacturing magnetic storage devices.2