magnetic moment

…of current loops is a magnetic dipole moment, the value of which is iA, the product of the current i and the area of the loop A. In addition, electrons, protons, and neutrons in atoms have a magnetic dipole moment associated with their intrinsic spin; such magnetic dipole moments represent

…or molecules possess a permanent magnetic dipole moment. The magnetization of such matter depends on the ratio of the magnetic energy of the individual dipoles to the thermal energy. This dependence can be calculated in quantum theory and is given by the Brillouin function, which depends only on the ratio…

…its spin produces a small magnetic moment. Magnetic moments are small magnets with north and south poles. The direction of the moment is from the south to the north pole. In nonmagnetic materials the electron moments cancel, since there is random ordering to the direction of the electron spins. Whenever…

The magnetic dipole moment may be thought of as a measure of a dipole’s ability to turn itself into alignment with a given external magnetic field. In a uniform magnetic field, the magnitude of the dipole moment μ is proportional to the maximum amount of torque…

Magnetic materials may be classified as diamagnetic, paramagnetic, or ferromagnetic on the basis of their susceptibilities. Diamagnetic materials, such as bismuth, when placed in an external magnetic field, partly expel the external field from within themselves and, if shaped like a rod, line up at…

…magnetic effect known as the magnetic dipole moment. The magnetic dipole moment induced in the SRR can be adjusted to be either in or out of phase with the external oscillating field, leading to either a positive or a negative magnetic permeability. In this way, artificial magnetism can be achieved…

…for molecules that possess permanent magnetic moments or electric dipole moments by using external magnetic or electric fields to bring the energy spacing between levels into coincidence with the frequency of the laser.

…of nuclear electric quadrupole and magnetic dipole moments. Both isomer shifts and hyperfine structure splittings are readily resolved in Mössbauer spectra. The energy width of a Mössbauer resonance provides a direct measurement of the width of the excited state involved in the gamma-ray emission and absorption process. From the width,…

…the atoms possess a permanent magnetic moment (they act like small bar magnets). In most solids, the direction of these moments is arranged at random. What is exceptional about ferromagnetic solids is that the interatomic forces cause the moments of neighboring atoms spontaneously to align in the same direction. If…

…the value for μ_e, the magnetic dipole moment of the free electron. Because the electron is spinning and has electric charge, it behaves like a tiny magnet, the strength of which is expressed by the value of μ_e. According to the Dirac theory, μ_e is exactly equal to μ_B =…

An electron has a magnetic dipole moment—which is to say that it behaves like a tiny bar magnet—and so when a group of electrons is placed in a magnetic field, the dipole moments tend to line up with the field. The effect augments the net magnetization in the direction…