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A liquid is a state of matter that retains its volume but takes the shape of its container. Unlike solids, liquids lack a fixed shape, and unlike gases, they do not expand to fill the entire volume of their container. Liquids can be pure substances or mixtures, such as blood or seawater.1

Liquid mixtures contain substances that can be solids, liquids, or gases in their pure forms. The ability of liquids to dissolve other substances is a fundamental property, forming solutions. Solutions are homogeneous mixtures where the composition is uniform throughout. The solubility of substances in a liquid depends on their chemical nature, temperature, and sometimes pressure.2

Homogeneous reactions occur within a single phase, such as between gases or within liquids. These reactions are simpler to study theoretically because they depend only on the interactions between the reacting substances.3

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