lichen: References & Edit History

Article Contributors

Primary Contributors

  • The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
    Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors.

Other Encyclopedia Britannica Contributors

Article History

Type Description Contributor Date
Add new Web site: Rutgers - New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station - Tree-Dwelling Lichens. Aug 21, 2026
Add new Web site: Cell Press - Current Biology - Lichens. Jan 23, 2026
Add new Web site: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - Lichen: What the fungus is it? Sep 19, 2025
Add new Web site: National Park Service - Lichen - The Little Things That Matter. Aug 08, 2025
Add new Web site: Utah State University - Intermountain Herbarium - Lichens. Feb 24, 2025
Add new Web site: University of Florida - IFAS Extension - The Life of Lichen. Sep 24, 2024
Add new Web site: CORE - Evolution of Lichens (PDF). Aug 17, 2024
Add new Web site: Frontiers - Frontiers in Microbiology - Towards a Systems Biology Approach to Understanding the Lichen Symbiosis: Opportunities and Challenges of Implementing Network Modelling. Apr 27, 2024
Add new Web site: The British Lichen Society - What is a Lichen? Dec 08, 2023
Add new Web site: OpenStax - Microbiology - Lichens. May 12, 2023
Add new Web site: USDA Forest Service - Lichens. Feb 15, 2023
Add new Web site: National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - Lichen and Its Microbiome as an Untapped Source of Anti‐Biofilm Compounds. Nov 16, 2022
Add new Web site: Australian National Herbarium - What is a lichen? Apr 10, 2022
Removed media. Apr 14, 2021
Noted that lichens also have associated bacteria and are a community of organisms. Apr 02, 2021
Added the audio story “Little Lovely Lichens.” Apr 02, 2021
Add new Web site: Live Science - What are Lichens? Feb 07, 2021
Media added. Nov 10, 2020
Added information on the three types of lichen bodies. Nov 10, 2020
Mentioned existence of lichens with two fungal associations. Expanded ecological description. Jul 22, 2016
Add new Web site: Natural History Museum - Nature and pollution: what lichens tell us about toxic air. Mar 04, 2013
Add new Web site: Earth-Life Web Productions - Lichen Reproductive Structures. Mar 04, 2013
Add new Web site: National Park Service - Lichen. Jul 30, 2012
Add new Web site: USDA Forest Service - Lichen. Dec 12, 2011
Add new Web site: ThinkQuest - Lichen. Oct 07, 2011
Add new Web site: Fact Monster - Science - Lichen. Oct 07, 2011
Add new Web site: How Stuff Works - Science - Lichen. Oct 07, 2011
Media added. Aug 07, 2009
Added new Web site: The Canadian Encyclopedia - Lichen. May 25, 2009
Added new Web site: Backyard Nature - Crustose lichens. May 25, 2009
Added new Web site: Earth-Life Web Productions - What is a Lichen? Apr 02, 2009
Added new Web site: School of Biological Sciences at University of Sydney - Lichen Biology. Mar 20, 2009
Added new Web site: How Stuff Works - Science - Lichen. Feb 09, 2009
Added new Web site: Backyard Nature - Lichens. Apr 22, 2008
Added new Web site: Earth-Life Web Productions - Lichens. Mar 10, 2008
Added new Web site: W.P. Armstrong - Lichen. Mar 10, 2008
Article revised and updated. Jan 22, 2008
Added new Web site: British Naturalists� Association - Looking at Lichens. Oct 16, 2007
Added new Web site: Te Ara The Encyclopedia of New Zealand - Lichens. Oct 16, 2007
Added new Web site: ZetaTalk - Lichens. Oct 16, 2007
Added new Web site: Irish Peatland Conservation Council - Lichens. Oct 16, 2007
Article added to new online database. Jul 20, 1998
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