lepromatous leprosy

Lepromatous leprosy is a form of leprosy characterized by infective, superficial granulomatous nodules. This chronic infectious disease, caused by Mycobacterium leprae, primarily affects the skin, peripheral nerves, and mucous membranes of the nose, throat, and eyes.12

In lepromatous leprosy, there is a minimal cellular response to the bacteria, allowing them to multiply freely. These bacilli spread widely through the skin's lymphatic channels and can cause thickening and corrugation of the skin, particularly on the face, leading to a "leonine appearance." Soft nodules may also develop on the ears, nose, and cheeks, sometimes eroding into sores. The nose is often heavily infected, potentially leading to the destruction of the nasal septum and palate.2

While historically feared and stigmatized, leprosy is now curable with multidrug therapy. The disease is not highly infectious and typically requires prolonged, close contact for transmission. Modern treatment has significantly reduced its prevalence worldwide.2