lava fountain

A lava fountain is a volcanic phenomenon where molten rock, or lava, erupts from a vent in a continuous stream, resembling a fountain. This occurs when magma, which is molten rock beneath the Earth's surface, rises and erupts as lava. Lava fountains are often associated with basaltic lava, which is less viscous and allows for more fluid eruptions.12

These fountains can create "curtains of fire" along fissures, producing ramparts of spatter and cinder cones. The Laki fissure eruption in Iceland in 1783 is a notable example, producing high lava fountains and extensive lava flows. Lava flows themselves are a common volcanic hazard, with different types like pahoehoe and aa depending on the lava's viscosity and temperature.12