lactase deficiency

Lactase deficiency, also known as lactose intolerance, is the inability to digest lactose, the primary sugar found in dairy products. This condition arises from a deficiency in lactase, an enzyme in the small intestine responsible for breaking down lactose into glucose and galactose.

The deficiency can be present from birth (congenital), develop over time (primary), or result from intestinal injury (secondary). Symptoms include bloating, cramping, diarrhea, and flatulence. The incidence varies significantly by race, with higher rates in Asian, Black, and Hispanic populations compared to those of Northern European descent. Treatment involves reducing lactose intake or using lactase supplements.