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kidney
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Medical illustration of the male renal system in situ, showing kidneys, adrenal glands, renal arteries and veins, ureters, bladder, prostate gland, and urethra within the torso, with labeled anatomical structures. Right and left kidney. The Human Body Consultant Surgeon Andrew Ready uses surgical tools to flush a donor kidney in a kidney transplant procedure at The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham. Illustration of a kidney in cross section showing blood vessels entering and exiting, urine formation, and a detailed callout of a nephron where blood is filtered and urine is produced. Medical illustration showing a cross section of the right kidney, with labeled parts including the cortex, medulla, renal artery and vein, calyces, renal pelvis, ureter, and associated blood vessels. Human kidneys Diagram of the human excretory system showing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra, with their anatomical positions highlighted inside a human silhouette. Diagram of the female renal system showing kidneys, adrenal glands, and urinary tract organs in their anatomical positions, with labels for major structures including blood vessels, bladder, and uterus.
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kidney: References & Edit History

Article Contributors

Primary Contributors

  • The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
    Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors.

Other Encyclopedia Britannica Contributors

Article History

Type Description Contributor Date
Modified link of Web site: Biology LibreTexts - Human Kidneys. Oct 10, 2026
Add new Web site: Biology LibreTexts - Human Kidneys. Aug 27, 2026
Add new Web site: Healthdirect - Kidneys. Mar 21, 2025
Add new Web site: National Center for Biotechnology Information - Anatomy, Abdomen and Pelvis: Kidneys. Feb 07, 2025
Add new Web site: WFSA Virtual Library - Physiology of Kidney. Oct 26, 2024
Add new Web site: OpenStax - Anatomy and Physiology 2e - Gross Anatomy of the Kidney. May 10, 2024
Add new Web site: MSD Manual - Consumer Version - Kidneys. Feb 26, 2024
Media added. Nov 29, 2023
Add new Web site: Better Health Channel - Kidneys. Oct 19, 2023
Add new Web site: Teach Me Anatomy - The Kidneys. Aug 08, 2023
Add new Web site: Cleveland Clinic - Kidney. May 02, 2023
Add new Web site: Biology LibreTexts - Kidneys. Nov 18, 2022
Add new Web site: Verywell Health - The Anatomy of the Kidneys. Sep 02, 2022
Add new Web site: National Library of Medicine - Ureter Injury. Jan 18, 2018
Add new Web site: Healthline - Kidney Overview. Mar 19, 2014
Add new Web site: InnerBody - Kidney. Mar 19, 2014
Add new Web site: WebMD - Kidney. Apr 29, 2013
Add new Web site: Women's and Children's Health Network in South Australia - Kids' Health - Your kidneys. Apr 29, 2013
Add new Web site: Medscape - Kidney Anatomy. Apr 29, 2013
Add new Web site: KidsHealth - For Kids - Your Kidneys. Aug 18, 2011
Add new Web site: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases - Your Kidneys and How They Work. Jun 17, 2011
Add new Web site: Buzzle.com - Ankara, Turkey. Aug 15, 2010
Added new Web site: University of Pittsburgh - Biography of Edgar Frank Codd. Sep 23, 2008
Added new Web site: Australian War Memorial - Biography of Atat�rk. Jul 31, 2008
Added new Web site: Embassy of the Republic of Turkey - Biography of Ataturk. Jul 31, 2008
Added new Web site: Columbia University - Mustafa Kemal Atat?rk. Jul 15, 2008
Added new Web site: Florida Gulf Coast University - Parts Of The Human Kidneys. Jul 15, 2008
Added new Web site: Republic of Turkey - Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Biography of Kemal Atat�rk. Jul 15, 2008
Media added. May 16, 2008
Added new Web site: Spartacus Educational - Biography of Hadrian. May 14, 2008
Added new Web site: An Illustrated History of the Roman Empire - Biography of Emperor Hadrian. May 11, 2008
Media added. Nov 13, 2007
Added new Web site: CRW Flags - Flag of Ankara, Turkey. Apr 26, 2007
Added new Web site: Maps of World - Ankara, Turkey. Apr 26, 2007
Article added to new online database. May 27, 1999
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