kidney stone, concretion of minerals and organic matter that forms in the kidneys. Such stones may become so large as to impair normal renal function. Urine contains many salts in solution, and if the concentration of mineral salts becomes excessive, the excess salt precipitates as crystals that may enlarge to become visible, solid particles called stones. Kidney stones are classified as primary if they form without apparent cause, such as an infection or obstruction. They...