joint replacement

Joint replacement is a medical procedure that involves surgically replacing a diseased or damaged joint with an artificial one, often made of metals, plastics, or composites. This is commonly performed to treat conditions like osteoarthritis, the most prevalent joint disease, which is characterized by the progressive deterioration of articular cartilage and other joint components.12

Osteoarthritis can cause pain, stiffness, and limited movement, particularly in weight-bearing joints like the knees and hips. While the exact cause is not fully understood, biomechanical stress, genetic factors, and biochemical processes are thought to contribute. Treatments range from pain relief and physical therapy to surgical interventions like joint replacement, especially for severe cases. The goal of orthopedic devices, including artificial joints, is to restore function and alleviate pain, with ongoing research focused on developing advanced biomaterials for improved longevity and compatibility.21