joint disease: References & Edit History

Additional Reading

Information on joint diseases is presented in Michael J. Klein et al., Non-Neoplastic Diseases of Bones and Joints (2011); William J. Koopman and Larry W. Moreland (eds.), Arthritis and Allied Conditions: A Textbook of Rheumatology, 15th ed. (2005); and Emanuel Rubin and John L. Farber, Pathology, 3rd ed. (1999).

Specific diseases and conditions of individual joints are discussed in Roy K. Aaron (ed.), Diagnosis and Management of Hip Disease: Biological Bases of Clinical Care (2015); Derek J. Chadwick and Jamie Goode (eds.), Osteoarthritic Joint Pain (2004); and Michael H. Weisman, Rheumatoid Arthritis (2011).

Article Contributors

Primary Contributors

  • Leon Sokoloff
  • The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
    Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors.

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Article History

Type Description Contributor Date
Added images showing rheumatoid arthritis and bursitis. Aug 24, 2020
Added mention that corticosteroid injection directly into joint tissue potentially worsens joint damage in some persons. Oct 17, 2019
Modified link of Web site: MedlinePlus - Joint Disorders. Nov 22, 2017
Added information on osteoarthritis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint of the forefoot. Jul 14, 2016
Bibliography thoroughly revised and expanded. Jul 14, 2016
Add new Web site: MedlinePlus - Joint Disorders. Nov 23, 2012
Bibliography revised and updated. Oct 16, 2007
Article revised and updated. Oct 16, 2007
Article added to new online database. Jul 24, 1998
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