jet propulsion

Jet propulsion is a method of moving an object forward by expelling a jet of fluid, typically hot exhaust gases, in the opposite direction. This principle is fundamental to how jet engines work, enabling aircraft to fly.12

How Jet Engines Work

At its core, a jet engine ingests air, compresses it, mixes it with fuel, and ignites the mixture. The resulting hot, high-pressure gases expand and are expelled at high speed through a nozzle at the rear of the engine. This expulsion creates a rearward force, and by Newton's third law, an equal and opposite forward force (thrust) is generated, propelling the aircraft.342

Types of Jet Engines

• Turbojet: The simplest type, where all air passes through the combustion chamber.4
• Turbofan: Features a large fan at the front that bypasses some air around the core engine, mixing it with the exhaust. This increases efficiency and reduces noise.4
• Turboprop: Uses a jet engine to drive a propeller, common in smaller aircraft.4
• Ramjet/Scramjet: Air-breathing engines that function at high speeds without compressors or turbines.4

The development of jet engines began in the early 20th century, with significant advancements made during World War II, leading to faster and more efficient aircraft.56