isoprenoid pathway

The isoprenoid pathway is a crucial metabolic process in biochemistry, primarily responsible for synthesizing a diverse range of organic compounds. These compounds, known as isoprenoids, are built from five-carbon units derived from isoprene. In plants, this pathway produces essential oils, pigments like carotenoids, hormones such as gibberellic acid, and even rubber. In animals, isoprenoids are components of oily and waxy substances, and they are vital for forming vitamins A, E, and K, as well as ubiquinones involved in energy metabolism. The biosynthesis of isoprenoids begins with acetyl coenzyme A and involves intermediates like mevalonic acid and isopentenyl pyrophosphate. This pathway is fundamental for numerous biological functions, from attracting insects to regulating growth and vision.123