intrinsic conductivity

Intrinsic conductivity refers to the electrical conductivity of a pure semiconductor material that contains very few impurities. In such materials, electrical conduction occurs due to the movement of both free electrons and holes, which are generated when thermal vibrations break covalent bonds. At low temperatures, electrons are bound and cannot conduct electricity. However, as temperature increases, more bonds break, creating more charge carriers (electrons and holes) and thus increasing conductivity. In an intrinsic semiconductor, the number of free electrons and holes is equal. The conductivity of intrinsic semiconductors is generally poor at room temperature and can be significantly increased by introducing impurities, a process known as doping.123