immunologic competence

Immunocompetence refers to the body's capacity to mount a normal immune response. This involves a complex system of defense against disease-causing microorganisms. When a pathogen invades, the immune system, particularly lymphocytes (T cells and B cells), recognizes and attempts to destroy it. This process can lead to specific, acquired immunity, where the body remembers and can more effectively fight off subsequent encounters with the same pathogen.1234

Defects in this system, known as immunodeficiency, impair the body's ability to resist infection. These defects can be inherited or acquired due to factors like chronic infection (e.g., HIV), trauma, surgery, or certain medications. The immune system's components, including lymphocytes, antibodies, and complement proteins, can be affected.56