immune globulin

Immunoglobulins, also known as antibodies, are proteins produced by the immune system to combat foreign substances like bacteria and viruses. They are primarily found in the gamma globulin fraction of blood serum. There are five main classes: IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, and IgE, each with distinct properties and functions.12

IgG is the most abundant immunoglobulin in blood and tissue fluids and is the only class that can cross the placenta, providing passive immunity to a developing fetus. Immune serum globulin (ISG), a mixture of immunoglobulins mainly IgG, is used to provide passive immunity against diseases like measles and hepatitis A. Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIGs) offer immediate antibody levels. Hyperimmune serum globulin is prepared from donors with high levels of specific antibodies and is used to prevent diseases such as hepatitis B and tetanus.23