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ichthyology, scientific study of fishes, including, as is usual with a science that is concerned with a large group of organisms, a number of specialized subdisciplines: e.g., taxonomy, anatomy (or morphology), behavioral science (ethology), ecology, and physiology. Because of the great importance of fishes as human food, economic ichthyology is a significant segment of the field. The ancient Greek naturalists, especially Aristotle, were highly knowledgeable about many aspects of fish biology, and until the end...