hydronephrosis

Hydronephrosis is a condition where urine backs up into the kidneys due to a blockage in the urinary tract. This obstruction can occur at various points, including the urethra, bladder, or ureters.1

When urine cannot flow normally, it causes distension of the bladder, ureter, or renal pelvis, depending on the obstruction's location. This backup into the kidneys leads to hydronephrosis, where the renal pelvis swells, and the kidney tissue shrinks, forming a swollen sac surrounded by atrophied tissue.12

Obstructions can be congenital, such as partitions in the urinary ducts, or acquired, caused by issues like an enlarged prostate, tumors, or stones. Pregnancy can also cause temporary obstruction due to fetal pressure and hormonal changes. If left untreated, hydronephrosis can lead to kidney damage, infection, and potentially renal failure. Prompt treatment, which may include medication or surgery, is crucial.12