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human genome
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Diagram of a DNA double helix showing its twisted ladder structure, with a close-up of the sugar-phosphate backbone, paired nitrogenous bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine), and labeled nucleotides and hydrogen bonds.
How the DNA Thermal Cycler Uses PCR to Copy DNA Strands
Learn how the ENCODE project helps scientists in understanding the way our genome is organized and regulated
World map using a gradient from dark brown to light beige to show the distribution of skin color variations among indigenous populations prior to European colonization. Darker tones are concentrated near the equator, especially in Africa, southern Asia, northern Australia, and parts of the Americas, while lighter tones appear in northern and higher latitude regions.
At a Glance
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genome summary
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greylag. Flock of Greylag geese during their winter migration at Bosque del Apache National Refugee, New Mexico. greylag goose (Anser anser)
Biology Bonanza
DNA helix in a futuristic concept of the evolution of science and medicine.
Branches of Genetics
Illustrated strands of DNA. Deoxyribonucleic acid, biology.
Genetics Quiz
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Videos

How the DNA Thermal Cycler Uses PCR to Copy DNA Strands
Learn how specific segments of DNA are amplified (copied) in a laboratory using polymerase...
Video: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Learn how the ENCODE project helps scientists in understanding the way our genome is organized and regulated
ENCODE (Encyclopedia of DNA Elements), a collaborative...
Video: HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology (A Britannica Publishing Partner)

Images

DNA; human genome
The human genome is made up of approximately three billion base pairs of deoxyribonucleic...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
map
The global distribution of human skin colour is a well-defined example of genetic...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
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