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Bioengineering is the application of engineering principles to biology and medicine. This field encompasses a wide range of applications, including the development of artificial aids for bodily functions, such as prosthetic limbs and hearing aids, as well as the use of engineering methods for biosynthesis.1

Human Factor IX is a clotting factor essential for blood coagulation. A deficiency in Factor IX leads to hemophilia B, a hereditary bleeding disorder. This condition, also known as Christmas disease, primarily affects males and is characterized by an increased tendency to bleed.2

Bioengineering plays a role in treating hemophilia B through recombinant DNA technology, which can be used to produce human Factor IX. Pharming, a branch of bioengineering, involves genetically engineering animals to produce pharmaceuticals, including human Factor IX, offering a potential alternative to traditional drug development.23

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