hull vibration

Hull vibration in ships refers to the dynamic oscillations of the ship's structure in response to external forces, primarily from the sea. These vibrations can be categorized into several types, including whipping and springing. Whipping is a hull vibration, typically with a two-noded frequency, excited by slamming impacts when the bow reenters the water after being airborne in rough seas. Springing is another type of wave-excited hull vibration that occurs due to resonance between the frequency of wave encounters and a natural vibratory frequency of the hull. While whipping can cause significant stresses, springing is more difficult to avoid due to the wide range of frequencies in sea states. These dynamic forces and their consequences require extensive computational resources to analyze and have become a focus of research in naval architecture.1