heteropolysaccharide

biochemistry

Also known as: heteroglycan

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Last updated

June 29, 2026

Quick Summary

Heteropolysaccharides, also known as heteroglycans, are complex carbohydrates composed of two or more different monosaccharide units. While some contain three or more, most naturally occurring heteropolysaccharides consist of just two distinct monosaccharides and are often linked with lipids or proteins.1

These complex molecules are challenging to study in detail. Key examples include connective-tissue polysaccharides like hyaluronic acid, which acts as a lubricant and shock absorber in joints. Other important heteropolysaccharides are found in blood group substances, glycoproteins such as gamma globulin (an antibody), and glycolipids, particularly those in the nervous system. They also appear in various plant gums.1

Heteropolysaccharides play crucial roles in structure, lubrication, and physiological functions, such as calcium accumulation for bone formation and the anticoagulant properties of heparin.1

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carbohydrate
Heteropolysaccharides
In general, heteropolysaccharides (heteroglycans) contain two or more different monosaccharide units. Although a few representatives contain three or more different monosaccharides, most naturally occurring heteroglycans contain only two different ones and are closely associated with lipid or protein. The complex nature of these substances…
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In general, heteropolysaccharides (heteroglycans) contain two or more different monosaccharide units. Although a few representatives contain three or more different monosaccharides, most naturally occurring heteroglycans contain only two different ones and are closely associated with lipid or protein. The complex nature of these substances…
Read More

polysaccharide
…or sugar derivative are called heteropolysaccharides (heteroglycans). Most contain only two different units and are associated with proteins (glycoproteins—e.g., gamma globulin from blood plasma, acid mucopolysaccharides) or lipids (glycolipids—e.g., gangliosides in the central nervous system). Acid mucopolysaccharides are widely distributed in animal tissues. The basic unit is a
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…or sugar derivative are called heteropolysaccharides (heteroglycans). Most contain only two different units and are associated with proteins (glycoproteins—e.g., gamma globulin from blood plasma, acid mucopolysaccharides) or lipids (glycolipids—e.g., gangliosides in the central nervous system). Acid mucopolysaccharides are widely distributed in animal tissues. The basic unit is a
Read More