herpes simplex virus type 1

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a common infection that typically causes cold sores and fever blisters around the mouth. It is one of two strains of the herpes simplex virus, the other being HSV-2, which primarily causes genital herpes. HSV-1 is transmitted orally and affects millions globally, with a high prevalence in individuals aged 0-49.1

Infections usually manifest as clusters of small blisters on the skin or mucous membranes, often preceded by tingling or burning sensations. While these lesions typically heal within a week to ten days, the virus can enter a latent phase, residing in neurons. Reactivation, leading to recurring sores, can be triggered by factors like sunburn, stress, or illness. Currently, there is no cure for HSV-1, as antiviral drugs cannot eliminate the latent virus. Research is ongoing to develop treatments that could potentially clear the infection entirely.1