hepatocyte

Hepatocytes are the primary functional cells of the liver, making up about 80 percent of its volume. These cells are organized into lobules and are responsible for a vast array of metabolic functions, including processing proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. Hepatocytes also synthesize cholesterol and bile acids, play a role in drug metabolism, and help regulate carbohydrate storage.1

Within the hepatocyte, various organelles perform specialized tasks. Mitochondria provide energy, while the endoplasmic reticulum is crucial for drug and hormone metabolism, as well as cholesterol synthesis. Hepatocytes also conjugate bilirubin, making it water-soluble for excretion in bile. The nucleus guides cell replication and transmits genetic information.1

Liver diseases often affect hepatocytes, leading to conditions like viral hepatitis. If damage is severe and chronic, healthy tissue can be replaced by scar tissue, resulting in cirrhosis.2