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Hazardous waste refers to any material that can cause significant harm to human health or the environment if not handled properly. These wastes can be solids, liquids, sludges, or gases, and are typically generated by industrial activities.1

Hazardous wastes are categorized by their properties:
* Toxic: Poisons that can cause acute or chronic harm, including cancer or genetic damage.12
* Reactive: Unstable materials that can explode or release toxic vapors when interacting with air or water.1
* Ignitable: Substances that burn easily and pose a fire hazard.1
* Corrosive: Strong acids or bases that can destroy materials and living tissue.1
* Infectious: Materials from medical or research facilities that can spread disease.1
* Radioactive: Wastes emitting ionizing energy that can harm living organisms and persist for long periods.1

Proper management, including collection, treatment, and disposal, is crucial to prevent contamination of water and land resources. Governments closely regulate hazardous waste management to mitigate risks.1

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