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An anatomical illustration of the human hand and wrist bones from a dorsal view, showing labeled carpal bones, metacarpal bones, and the proximal, middle, and distal phalanges of each finger. Illustration showing two types of human hand grips: a power grip holding a stick with the whole hand and a precision grip holding a small object between the thumb and fingertips. Two northern white-cheeked gibbons (Nomascus leucogenys), one dark-furred male and one lighter-furred female, sit on a tree branch with long arms extended overhead for balance. A scale bar shows their approximate size. The Human Body Side-by-side anatomical illustrations compare the bones of a primitive carpus and a human carpus, highlighting the carpal, metacarpal, and phalange bones in different colors, with labels for each bone group. carpal tunnel syndrome human and gorilla hands compared
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hand: References & Edit History

Article Contributors

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  • The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
    Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors.

Other Encyclopedia Britannica Contributors

Article History

Type Description Contributor Date
Modified link of Web site: National Center for Biotechnology Information - Anatomy, Shoulder and Upper Limb, Hand Muscles. Oct 01, 2026
Add new Web site: Frontiers - Frontiers in Neurorobotics - A Systematic Analysis of Hand Movement Functionality: Qualitative Classification and Quantitative Investigation of Hand Grasp Behavior. Dec 24, 2025
Add new Web site: CiteSeerX - Human Hand Modeling from Surface Anatomy (PDF). Mar 02, 2025
Add new Web site: BCcampus Open Publishing - Advanced Anatomy 2nd. Ed. - The Hand. Oct 09, 2024
Add new Web site: Medscape - Hand Anatomy. Jun 07, 2024
Add new Web site: WebMD - Hand and Wrist: What to Know. Feb 23, 2024
Media added. Dec 04, 2023
Add new Web site: Teach Me Anatomy - Muscles of the Hand. Sep 15, 2023
Add new Web site: Cleveland Clinic - Anatomy of the Hand and Wrist. Jul 18, 2023
Corrected display issue. Mar 13, 2020
Add new Web site: National Center for Biotechnology Information - Anatomy, Shoulder and Upper Limb, Hand Muscles. Feb 28, 2019
Add new Web site: Healthline - Hand. Feb 28, 2014
Add new Web site: Medscape - Hand Anatomy. Apr 12, 2013
Add new Web site: Fact Monster - World - Dijon City, France. Dec 08, 2011
Add new Web site: Buzzle.com - Different Types of Computers. Dec 08, 2011
Add new Web site: Buzzle.com - Anatomy of the Human Hand. Nov 08, 2011
Added new Web site: Orthogate - Hand Anatomy. Mar 30, 2009
Added new Web site: How Stuff Works - Healthguide - Hand X-ray. Sep 19, 2008
Media added. Oct 16, 2007
Added new Web site: Pediatric Orthopaedics - Wrist Hand. Apr 26, 2007
Article added to new online database. Jul 20, 1998
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