geomagnetic pole

The geomagnetic pole refers to the two points on Earth's surface that mark the ends of the axis of the geomagnetic field. These poles do not align with the geographic or magnetic poles. Geomagnetics, a branch of geophysics, studies the Earth's magnetic field, including its origin, variations, and manifestations like magnetic poles and anomalies in rock magnetization.12

The Earth's magnetic field is generated by helical fluid motions within its electrically conducting liquid outer core, creating an electromagnetic dynamo effect. This field extends into space, forming the magnetosphere, which interacts with the solar wind. The geomagnetic field is not static; it undergoes polarity reversals where the north and south magnetic poles switch places. These reversals occur at irregular intervals, and the process is not fully understood. The study of residual magnetization in ancient rocks, known as paleomagnetism, provides insights into these past field directions.345