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Frequency doubling is a phenomenon in nonlinear optics where light of a specific frequency interacts with a material to produce light at twice that frequency. This occurs when the intensity of the incoming light is high enough to cause the material's atomic oscillators to respond in a way that is not directly proportional to the light's intensity.1

A common example is when high-intensity light of frequency f passes through a nonlinear crystal, and a portion of it is converted into light with a frequency of 2f. This effect was first observed in 1961. For instance, the infrared output of a neodymium laser can be transformed into green light by passing it through a crystal like barium strontium niobate. Nonlinear optics has various applications in fields such as communications, photonics, and information processing.12

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