fractional distillation
Quick Summary
Fractional distillation is a chemical process used to separate components of a liquid mixture based on their different boiling points. This method is particularly useful when the boiling points of the substances are close together.12
The process involves heating the liquid mixture, causing it to vaporize. The vapor then rises through a fractionating column, where it cools and condenses. As the vapor moves up the column, it repeatedly vaporizes and condenses, with the more volatile components (lower boiling points) concentrating at the top and less volatile components (higher boiling points) at the bottom. This allows for the separation of the mixture into different fractions.13
A primary application of fractional distillation is in petroleum refining, where crude oil is separated into various products like gasoline, kerosene, and lubricating oils. It is also used in laboratories to purify chemical products.132
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chemical analysisDistillation…volatile components in the later fractions. The analyte typically goes through several vaporization-condensation steps prior to arriving at the condenser.
Read More…volatile components in the later fractions. The analyte typically goes through several vaporization-condensation steps prior to arriving at the condenser.
Read More- separation and purificationDistillation
…points are close together, a multistage operation, which can most conveniently be achieved by placing a column above the boiling liquid solution, is required. This glass column contains some loosely packed material (e.g., glass beads), and the hot vapors from the boiling solution partially condense on the surfaces. The condensed…
Read More…points are close together, a multistage operation, which can most conveniently be achieved by placing a column above the boiling liquid solution, is required. This glass column contains some loosely packed material (e.g., glass beads), and the hot vapors from the boiling solution partially condense on the surfaces. The condensed…
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hydrogenIsotopes of hydrogen…of separating these substances by distillation of liquid hydrogen. In 1931 Urey and two collaborators detected deuterium by its atomic spectrum in the residue of a distillation of liquid hydrogen. Deuterium was first prepared in pure form by the electrolytic method of concentration: when a water solution of an electrolyte,…
Read More…of separating these substances by distillation of liquid hydrogen. In 1931 Urey and two collaborators detected deuterium by its atomic spectrum in the residue of a distillation of liquid hydrogen. Deuterium was first prepared in pure form by the electrolytic method of concentration: when a water solution of an electrolyte,…
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nitrogenCommercial production and uses…of nitrogen is largely by fractional distillation of liquefied air. The boiling temperature of nitrogen is −195.8 °C (−320.4 °F), about 13 °C (−23 °F) below that of oxygen, which is therefore left behind. Nitrogen can also be produced on a large scale by burning carbon or hydrocarbons in air…
Read More…of nitrogen is largely by fractional distillation of liquefied air. The boiling temperature of nitrogen is −195.8 °C (−320.4 °F), about 13 °C (−23 °F) below that of oxygen, which is therefore left behind. Nitrogen can also be produced on a large scale by burning carbon or hydrocarbons in air…
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petroleum refiningFractional distillationThe primary process for separating the hydrocarbon components of crude oil is fractional distillation. Crude oil distillers separate crude oil into fractions for subsequent processing in such units as catalytic reformers, cracking units, alkylation units, or cokers. In turn, each of
Read MoreThe primary process for separating the hydrocarbon components of crude oil is fractional distillation. Crude oil distillers separate crude oil into fractions for subsequent processing in such units as catalytic reformers, cracking units, alkylation units, or cokers. In turn, each of
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