forest-tundra

The forest-tundra is a transition zone between the boreal forest (taiga) and the Arctic tundra. It is characterized by a mosaic of sparse trees, often stunted and of limited species, interspersed with tundra-like vegetation. This biome is found along the northern edge of tree growth, known as the tree line.12

In North America, the tree line extends across Canada and Alaska, while in Eurasia, it is found in northern Europe and Siberia. The forest-tundra's position is influenced by factors like growing season warmth, soil temperature, and extreme winter temperatures. Many trees in this zone reproduce asexually, as they may not produce viable seeds consistently due to the harsh climate. This biome covers a significant portion of Earth's surface, approximately 10 percent.213