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differential manometer, Torricellian barometer, and siphon Evangelista Torricelli stands in a study, holding a glass tube upright in a dish while inventing the mercury barometer; books and scientific equipment are visible around him. Diagram showing three orientations of a uniform square prism floating in liquid of twice its density, with the stable position labeled C. Each prism is half submerged, and points B and C are marked to indicate centers of buoyancy and gravity. capillarity
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Italian-born physicist Dr. Enrico Fermi draws a diagram at a blackboard with mathematical equations. circa 1950.
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Italian physicist Guglielmo Marconi at work in the wireless room of his yacht Electra, c. 1920.
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fluid mechanics: References & Edit History

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A classic text that enshrines all the results of 19th-century fluid dynamics is Horace Lamb, Hydrodynamics, 6th ed. (1932, reissued 1993). This remains useful, but many later books, besides being more up-to-date, provide a better-balanced perspective of the subject and have better illustrations. N. Curle and Hubert J. Davies, Modern Fluid Dynamics: Incompressible Flow, vol. 1 (1968, reissued 2000); and G.K. Batchelor, An Introduction to Fluid Dynamics (1967, reissued 1973), can both be recommended to serious students who are not put off by mathematics. D.J. Tritton, Physical Fluid Dynamics, 2nd ed. (1988), adopts a somewhat different approach and contains interesting material on turbulence and convective instabilities. B.S. Massey, Mechanics of Fluids, 8th ed. (2005), covers practical aspects of the subject, including hydrostatics, from an engineering perspective. The development of the subject as a practical science is traced in Hunter Rouse and Simon Ince, History of Hydraulics (1957, reissued 1980).

Thomas E. Faber

Article History

Type Description Contributor Date
Modified link of Web site: Physics LibreTexts - Fluid Mechanics. Sep 17, 2026
Add new Web site: National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - Fundamentals and Applications of Fluid Mechanics and Acoustics in Biomedical Engineering. May 05, 2026
Add new Web site: OpenStax - University Physics Volume 1 - Introduction. Oct 27, 2025
Add new Web site: University of Central Florida Pressbooks - University Physics Volume 1 - Fluid Dynamics. May 16, 2025
Add new Web site: MIT OpenCourseWare - Introduction to basic principles of fluid mechanics (PDF). Mar 28, 2025
Add new Web site: Physics LibreTexts - Fluid Mechanics. Feb 12, 2025
Add new Web site: Western University - Department of Physics and Astronomy - Fluid Mechanics. Mar 19, 2024
Corrected display issue. Aug 18, 2022
Media added. Jan 17, 2019
Video explaining surface tension added. Aug 12, 2011
Media added. Dec 18, 2007
Bibliography revised and updated. Sep 29, 2006
Bibliography revised. Sep 29, 2006
Article revised. Aug 25, 2000
Article added to new online database. Oct 26, 1998
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