flight feather

A flight feather, also known as a remex, is a type of contour feather that forms the primary surface of a bird's wing and tail, crucial for flight. These feathers are made of keratin, the same protein found in hair and reptile scales.123

A typical flight feather has a central shaft called the rachis, from which barbs branch out on either side. These barbs further subdivide into barbules, which interlock with hooks to create a strong, flat vane. This structure allows feathers to create lift and thrust for flight, while also streamlining the bird's body.13

Birds shed and replace their feathers through a process called molting, usually once a year after the breeding season. This ensures the feathers remain in good condition for flight.1